requests的get请求url传参及无效参数

　　很多网站的url是带有参数的(http://www.xxx.com/get?key1=val1&key2=val2)，比如在百度搜索www.python66.com，然后搜索结果页的url是很长的一串，取部分参数也可以访问如：https://www.baidu.com/s?tn=50000021_hao_pg&word=python66.com，requests对于这种带参数的url如何实现请求呢？

　　1、如何进行url传参

官方原文：You often want to send some sort of data in the URL’s query string. If you were constructing the URL by hand, this data would be given as key/value pairs in the URL after a question mark, e.g. httpbin.org/get?key=val. Requests allows you to provide these arguments as a dictionary of strings, using the params keyword argument. As an example, if you wanted to pass key1=value1 and key2=value2 to httpbin.org/get, you would use the following code:

　译文：Requests 允许你使用params关键字参数，以一个字符串字典来提供这些参数。举例来说，如果你想传递 key1=value1 和 key2=value2 到 httpbin.org/get ，那么你可以使用如下代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)

　　同理，如果访问python66.com的百度搜索结果页就可以这样：

headers = {
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.44',
}
payload = {'word': '50000021_hao_pg', 'tn': 'python66.com'}

r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com", params=payload,headers=headers)

　　2、url传参的本质

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
headers = {
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.44',
}
payload = {'word': '50000021_hao_pg', 'tn': 'python66.com'}

r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com", params=payload,headers=headers)
print(r.url)

https://www.baidu.com/?word=50000021_hao_pg&tn=python66.com

　　观察上面的代码结果，url传参实际上和直接访问拼接好的url没有区别，只不过是requests在内部进行了处理，上述访问百度搜索结果页的例子可以直接按如下来写

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests

headers = {
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.44',
}
payload = {'word': '50000021_hao_pg', 'tn': 'python66.com'}

r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/s?tn=50000021_hao_pg&word=python66.com", headers=headers)

　　3、无效传参

Note that any dictionary key whose value is None will not be added to the URL’s query string

　　PS:注意字典里值为None的键都不会被添加到URL的查询字符串里，也就是说字典的一个键的值为None，实际上等于url不添加这个参数

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
headers = {
'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.44',
}
payload = {'word': '50000021_hao_pg', 'tn': None}

r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com", params=payload,headers=headers)
print(r.url)

https://www.baidu.com/?word=50000021_hao_pg

很赞哦！

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